Before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, international experts from Iran, Europe, the United States, and throughout the Middle East assessed the nature of Iraqi aggression against Iran in an international conference in Tehran. Under the pretext of territorial claims, Iraq launched an invasion in 1980 to contain an expanding revolution in Iran, one that in turn became a conventional war with international dimensions as it extended to the oil-rich Persian Gulf. For scholars and general readers who seek to unravel some of the complexities in the Middle East, this collection analyses the causes and consequences of the Iran-Iraq war not only from the standpoint of the belligerent parties, but also from the perspective of Islamic and international law.