Male infertility is one of the major public health problems all over the world. The infertility rate of couples is increasing and the infertility rate differs from each country and region. Semen characteristics of male farmers were found to be associated with the close distance from household to rice fields, duration of work as a farmers, safe pesticide training, personal protective equipment use, smoking, and alcohol drinking. The finding of this book showed the strength of association between pesticides exposure and abnormal semen characteristics among rice farmers. Pesticide safe use and product stewardship should be implemented to minimize any adverse health effects due to pesticide exposure.