With over 100 million people belonging to minorities, ethnic relations is a major issue for China. This book is the first on this subject in English by scholars who are based in China, both authors being members of the Hui minority, and both having extensive experience of researching Chinese minorities. The book provides a comprehensive survey of the subject: it presents an overview of ethnic minorities in China and their development historically, examines policies and administrative systems concerning minorities, including language and education policies, considers current changes which affect minorities, including recent large scale migration, and discusses current debates on ethnic policies, assessing proposals for a new approach.