The subject of Euro-regions is topical and controversial, but those of Central Europe have been neglected by scholars. 'Central Europe' is demarcated variously according to geographical, political, economic and cultural criteria. The subjective term 'region' and its theoretical implications are considered in the opening chapters. The empirical section ranges in time from the appearance of the German 'stern' duchies in the Middle Ages to cross-border cooperation in the Oder area today, and geographically from Baden-Wurttemberg in the west to Transylvania, Carpatho-Ruthenia and the Kaliningrad enclave in the east. The authors all highlight the complex problems of local identity and the centrality of culture in shaping notions of the region.