The projected five volume Handbook of the American Frontier is intended as a work of first reference that provides insights into Indian-white relationships during the first four centuries of our colonial and United States history. Based upon both primary and secondary sources, it includes the Indian viewpoint as well as the white, and provides references to assist the reader to additional information. Volume IV of the Handbook is an account of men and events important in the frontier history of the West from the earliest Spanish explorations to the last Indian battle, fought in 1918. Like previous volumes, it is presented as an historical dictionary with entries relating to the experiences of Indian leaders and tribes, traders, explorers, missionaries, mountain men, military officers, and frontier settlers. Much attention is devoted to warfare, treaties, and alliances between European and Native American Nations. Tribes featured include the Apaches, Navahos, Pueblos, Utes, Paiutes, Shoshonis, Modocs, Yumas, and the proliferation of native peoples inhabiting the Pacific Coast from Mexico to Canada. The other regional volumes cover events and peoples in the Southwest Woodlands, the Northeastern Woodlands, and the Great Plains. The final volume of the set will include a general index, bibliography and chronology.