For a century and a half the words of Presidents have framed, expressed, and sometimes challenged the civil rights policies of America. The eleven essays in this book examine the ways in which American presidents and their administrations have defined the meaning of civil rights from Rutherford B. Hayes to William Jefferson Clinton. Using a variety of methodologies, the book's contributors examine: the depressing tale of how the Southern Redeemer presidents from Hayes to McKinley abandoned the promise of civil rights and reestablished the racial class system; the eugenics of Calvin Coolidge's race rhetoric; the creative rhetorical invention of Eleanor Roosevelt and Harry Truman that laid the foundation for a positive reconstitution of the American community; the much-debated civil rights legacy of John E Kennedy's administration; and the efforts by conservative presidents to redefine the civil rights legacy in their own terms. The book's closing chapter analyzes President Clinton's 1997-98 Race Initiative and its failure, drawing conclusions about the role of presidential rhetoric in the near future of civil rights. Whether for individual enlightenment or for course use, readers will find the book opens new paths for exploring a central American dilemma.