Who guards the guardians? How do liberal democracies ensure that citizens who have been granted authority to legitimately deprive other citizens of their freedom --the police --are held accountable to society for the way in which they exercise their powers? This is a clear account of reform in complaints against police. It is also about public policy and political relationships. It analyses how relations between police, government and civilian oversight bodies can affect the success of police accountability policies. The book looks at models in Australia, Britain, the USA and Canada, identifying shared difficulties which cross city, county, state, provincial and national boundaries. Lewis shows how external relations must be examined in evaluating the success or failure of the civilian oversight process, and presents a new model extending beyond the traditional reactive approach.