Excavations at H3, Kuwait, throw important new light on the economy of the Arabian Neolithic, the early history of seafaring and boat-building, and relations with Ubaid Mesopotamia. It is now clear that the inhabitants of the eastern seaboard of the Arabian Peninsula were active players in a complex network that linked Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Gulf and perhaps Iran during the 6th and 5th millennia BC. Excavations at H3, Kuwait, throw important new light on the economy of the Arabian Neolithic, the early history of seafaring and boat-building, and relations with Ubaid Mesopotamia. It is now clear that the inhabitants of the eastern seaboard of the Arabian Peninsula were active players in a complex network that linked Mesopotamia, the northern and southern Gulf and perhaps Iran during the 6th and 5th millennia BC.