This book describes the extraction, production, characterizations of bioflocculants with a focus on their mechanisms and applications. The volume explores various bioflocculants from plants, microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. The chapters cover degradation of new emergent pollutants from industries using bioflocculants, and characterization of wastewater at microbiological and molecular levels with help of upgraded techniques, among others. The book inspires researchers or academicians to advance research in the field of environmental biotechnology, bioremediation technologies using bioflocculants.