This critical work provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies as they have evolved over the past decades. Presenting a basic exploration of this area, the book documents the developments dealing with these technologies. It discusses chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications of membrane processes ranging from selective separation to solvent and material recovery. This text provides comprehensive coverage of membrane separation mechanisms, transport models, membrane permeability computations, membrane types and modules, and membrane reactors. It also explores membrane applications in industrial waste management and environmental engineering.