During a year in which the international community looked to the United Nations to launch peace operations in increasing numbers, size and complexity, the UN headquarters peace operations architecture underwent profound changes, with more to come, intended to enhance field work in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. It has required that the UN seek ever more flexible, creative and cost-effective approaches. The changes and innovations begun in 2007 will certainly be tested as huge challenges remain in 2008 for resolving ongoing conflicts and preventing new ones. The publication presents an overview of innovations, expansion and restructuring as well as accomplishments and challenges of the UN peace operations during the year of 2007.