At a time when African National Congress-alliance politics are again prominent in South Africa, this nuanced study of the intersection of class and African national forces in the history of Africa’s oldest national liberation movement helps explain the deeper origins of this alliance. The book squarely places African agency at the centre of South African history and re-casts the story of the ANC in the words and actions of its own members and supporters at local and regional, as well as national, levels. In doing so, it shines a long overdue light on ordinary black activists, including politicised workers and women, and integrates these stories with those of more well-known leaders. “A remarkable narrative that traverses the towns and countryside of industrialising South Africa over a period of four decades … The first systematic attempt to explore the historical relationship between the ANC and black workers … is an impressive and skilfully-crafted study in which the author’s imaginative attempt to integrate orthodox political history with labour and social history is supported by a masterful knowledge of documentary sources. Peter Limb’s strikingly original and important book helps recover the voice of both national and regional ANC leaders (and, indirectly, that of workers) before 1940 and the exploration of the social origins, class background and identity of ANC leaders provides a means of contextualising and explaining ANC leaders’ attitudes to, and political relationship with, the labouring poor.” Paul La Hausse de Lalouvière, University of Cambridge