In the course of the research project Internal Conflicts and Transnational Consequences, the CSA has published eleven volumes. These books cover three internal conflicts in India and those in Nepal, Myanmar and Sri Lanka. Each of the conflicts was studied in detail with the help of experts from different disciplines and different countries. This is the final volume of the Project which consolidates the studies done earlier, aims at crystallizing some useful lessons for the countries studied and also others who continue to have long running internal conflicts. The constraints in trying to resolve the conflicts by the states and addressing the nuances of the consequences are quite complex. This volume attempts to analyze these issues and helps in identifying positive and negative outcomes of the way different governing systems have addressed the conflicts. The study highlights the importance of not only understanding the major internal conflicts but also anticipating and identifying the problems and difficulties that arise from the consequences and throws up useful policy pointers.