Robert L. Carneiro is widely regarded as one of the most influential figures in anthropology in the twentieth century, best known for “A Theory of the Origin of the State” (1970). His efforts throughout his career brought cultural evolutionism from its nineteenth-century origins into the twenty-first century. This book is comprised of thirteen essays, ordered and balanced according to Carneiro’s own conceptual arrangement, and aims to contribute to revitalizing this durable, illuminating theoretical perspective for current and future generations of students and anthropologists.