Bio-inspired computing (BIC) focuses on the designs and developments of computer algorithms and models based on biological mechanisms and living phenomena. It is now a major subfield of natural computation that leverages on the recent advances in computer science, biology and mathematics.The ideas provide abundant inspiration to construct high-performance computing models and intelligent algorithms, thus enabling powerful tools to solve real-life problems.Written by world-renowned researchers, this compendium covers the most influential topics on BIC, where the newly-obtained algorithms, developments and results are introduced and elaborated. The potential and valuable directions for further research are addressed as well.