This book presents an up-to-date review of the field of neutron imaging as an advanced characterization method in science and industry. It focusses on its applications across disciplines from condensed matter research to cultural heritage, from energy research to advanced manufacturing, from environment to mobility, and in general contributions that neutron imaging makes and can make to tackle the pressing issues of today. Before the rich capabilities of neutron imaging are laid out, the reader is introduced to the particular and relevant features of neutrons alongside neutron imaging in the context of other characterization techniques, while also covering the history of neutron imaging and, most importantly, state-of-the-art capabilities and contrast modalities. The book closes with a more technical part on instrumentation, methods and software and data analyses for those readers with an interest not only in practical and scientific applications but also in required instruments and techniques.