This volume is the second in a series and contains the proceedings of the conference 'Conservation Science 2007' and covers a range of topics including multispectral imaging, non-invasive disinfestation techniques, chemical imaging techniques, FTIR monitoring, microspectrofluorimetry, scanning hyperspectral lidar fluorosensor, in-situ analysis, optical coherence tomography, respirometry, as well as use of optical microscopy, spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques.