Bioenergetics is a very broad subject which covers a wide range of systems. The movement of electrons and ions across and through membranes is important in areas such as energy transduction, cell biology, and cell signalling. This book describes the core of bioenergetic techniques that are necessary to analyse membrane-translocating events. This book is intended for research scientists working in the areas of mammalian and plant biochemistry, and cell biology, studying bioenergetics.