This book provides a multi-disciplinary discussion of the concept of mentality, its relevance, and its interconnection with culture, past and present, on the one hand, and cognition and mental frames on the other. Organised into four parts, the book offers insights gained from applying particular perspectives, such as: Part One: Towards an Understanding of Mentality and Its Foundations (historiography and linguistics); Part Two: Fundamentals of Mentality (Indian and European epistemology and ontology); Part Three: Area Studies in Mentality (cultural and political representations); Part Four: National Studies in Mentality. The book will be of relevance to scholars, as well as students interested in the interplay between culture, mentality, and cognition.