This book presents a comprehensive study on the design of conformal array antennas and beamforming technologies for emergency communication in complex terrains such as mountainous, forested, and hilly environments. It introduces pioneering balloon-mounted conformal arrays for wideband, wide-coverage operations, polarization-reconfigurable antennas for mobile platforms like UAVs and wearable systems, and intelligent sparse array optimization algorithms for robust interference suppression. Covering system architecture, design principles, simulations, and experimental validations, this book serves as a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in wireless communications, antenna systems, and emergency response technologies.