Diversity in the workplace has made significant progress in United States companies. Unfortunately, much of the apparent progress has been at the surface level of diversity (Hiller & Day, 2004), where readily visible characteristics identify people of varying genders, ages, ethnicity, and religions. What are needed are prescriptions, based on solid theory and research, that will allow the deep-level diversity to transform well intentioned affirmative action programs from their old reliance on surface-level diversity to a new reliance on deep-level diversity. It is our hope that this volume will stimulate the scholarly activity needed to make progress toward the above stated goal of making deep-level diversity the benchmark of human progress in the workplace.