In order to keep the land productive, a good conservation program is imperative. Soil and water conservation is the basis of such a program, and also helps improve land impoverished by erosion and overuse-makes it more productive so that it can support more people. For effective conservation of soil and water, we must treat and use the various kinds of land according to their capability and need. To do this it is necessary to study the land carefully, so as to be able to fit conservation practices and structures to the various kinds of land.It is very pertinent to inculcate basic knowledge about soil and water conservation among the undergraduate students. This introductory bbok on Soil and Water Conservation Engineering has been made particularly to meet the course requirement of the B.Sc. (Ag) students as per the latest syllabus recommended by the ICAR. I am sure that the Book will be useful to the B.Sc. (Ag) students as well as to other personnel engaged in soil conservation research and teaching.