Stroke is a major global health problem because of its large contribution to mortality, morbidity, and disability. The most common form of stroke is ischemic stroke which accounts for approximately 80% of all strokes. During the past decade, our knowledge of the molecular and cellular processes that contribute to stroke pathophysiology has increased substantially and offers many targets for future therapeutic strategies. This book provides an overview of the current knowledge of stroke pathophysiology and the mechanisms that interfere with recovery and regeneration. Moreover, this book reviews the latest advances in the development of future therapeutic strategies.