The present work contains a collection of research papers, lead articles, and review papers from various experts, which provides experimental data on medicinal plants and phytochemical techniques. The book includes 35 chapters that cover a range of topics such as the identification of medicinal plants using physical characteristics and spectroscopy, including UV, IR, NIR, Mass, and NMR. The chapters also focus on the antioxidant potential of mushrooms, seaweeds, and medicinal plants, the isolation of compounds from plants and their biological activities, novel near infrared applications in natural products, in silico studies of anti-inflammatory compounds, molecular docking of natural products, CNS depressant activity of medicinal plants, and the isolation of antifungal proteins from medicinal plants. Additionally, the book covers plant tissue culture, in vitro cell line selection for enhanced production of secondary metabolites, the isolation of compounds from cell suspension cultures, X-ray crystal structure analysis of compounds from medicinal plants, and the synthesis and bioactivity of polycyclic spiroheterocyclic compounds. This book will be of significant use to students, scientists, researchers, and professionals in the fields of Plant Science, Pharmaceuticals, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Forestry, and Horticulture.