Electrotherapy is the use of electrical stimulation as a medical treatment to relieve pain, promote healing, and improve function in various conditions like musculoskeletal injuries and muscle atrophy. It works by delivering controlled electrical impulses or currents to the body to modulate nerve signals, stimulate muscle contractions, improve circulation, and reduce inflammation.



This book is a complete guide to the field of electrotherapy covering basic electricity and magnetism, electrical safety, electric shock and its management, low-, medium-, and high-frequency currents, therapeutic ultrasound, low- and high-power laser, infrared therapy, ultraviolet radiation therapy, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, targeted radiofrequency therapy, electromagnetic field therapy, transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation, biofeedback, and much more.



Each technique is explained in detail examining its production, physiological and therapeutic effects, contraindications, precautions, and dangers.



The fourth edition has been fully revised and updated, and includes new chapters on clinical reasoning and recent advances.



Electrodiagnostic tests and their interpretation have also been highlighted, and the text is further enhanced by 505 multiple choice questions (MCQs) with explanatory answers to help students prepare for examinations.



The previous edition (9789390020072) published in 2020.