The science of oceanography is the study of the physical and biological aspects of the oceans. It also covers the study of ocean currents, plate tectonics, seafloor geology and ecosystem dynamics. Oceanography helps in understanding diverse phenomena in the fields of meteorology, climatology, geology, hydrology, etc. It helps in developing a complete understanding of the world's oceans and the varied marine ecosystems. It branches out into marine biology, ocean chemistry, marine geology and marine physics. Modern oceanography also delves into ocean acidification, ocean heat content, ocean currents and temperatures, climatic phenomena of global warming and receding ice shelves. There has been a change in ocean chemistry leading to concerns over adaptability of marine life to changing ecosystem. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of oceanography and how such concepts have practical applications. It compiles valuable contributions from researchers across the world, which have significance in the development of this field. Students, oceanographers and marine biologists will be immensely benefited from the interdisciplinary approach of this book.