Birth defects are one among the most causes of the worldwide burden of diseases (i.e. a serious reason of stillbirths and neonatal mortality). The prevalence and pattern of birth defects may differ with geographical locations over time. This study aims at shaping bench mark information on various birth defects, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment with the exchange of viewpoints, and hypotheses, research on clinical experiences in various aspects of etiology; teratology, abnormal physiological developments, the cellular and molecular mechanism involved the progression, genetic, and prevalent ethical issues. It helps elucidating the unsolved mysteries associated with the occurrence and treatment of congenital diseases. This book is based on research employed randomized controlled trials, non-controlled trials, or the qualified cross-sectional informative and descriptive study using pertinent and relevant published & gray literature research findings from various journals. Data extraction and appraisal of quality information on basic characteristics (study design, setting, and birth defects of focus; contents) and outcomes for every article included.