This textbook offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject related to the ecology of plants and animals consisting of 32 chapters, glossary, practical ecology, the earth summit, etc. and the ecological factors, population ecology, environmental pollution, the conservation of soil, water and forests. Production ecology, ecosystems, plant geography, zoogeography, marine ecology and microbial ecology are discussed in detail. This book will be most useful to the undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany, zoology, environmental sciences, life sciences, forestry, agriculture, environmental chemistry, toxicology and for those working in related fields.