This book explores advanced biotechnologies addressing environmental and industrial challenges. It bridges the gap between scientific innovation and practical implementation, showcasing how microbial, nano-biotechnological and biochemical advancements can drive sustainability across agriculture, industry, and environmental remediation. This book opens with a focus on soil health, highlighting biochar-based fertilizers and microbial interventions to rejuvenate degraded soils, enhance crop productivity, and reduce chemical dependency. It then transitions to pollution control, featuring microbial biosurfactants and CRISPR-engineered microbes for pollutant cleanup, nanotechnology-driven wastewater treatment and innovative strategies for radioactive waste management. Industrial applications are equally emphasized, with chapters on antimicrobial food packaging to combat spoilage and microbial carotenoids for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries