The application of natural substances with antimicrobial, larvicidal and antioxidant action are the target of research aimed at a more sustainable production, implying several sources of substances for new therapeutic formulations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, larvicidal and toxicity of essential oils (EOs) of the leaves of Bixa orellana L. and the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. For the action of the EOs there was mortality of the larvae of Aedes aegypti at concentrations of 10-100 mg L-1 and the LC50 of 32.20 mg L-1 for B. orellana L. and 36.21 mg L-1 for C. longa were quantified, respectively. The EOs showed antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The results obtained highlight the importance of pointing this product as a therapeutic alternative, encouraging its application potential.