In the last two decades, most urban roads have experienced tremendous growth in traffic leading to frequent congestion and delays. Due to shrinking right-of-way and limited highway budgets, roadway planners and designers have been constantly exploring innovative ways of road design. Moreover, in recent years, highway agencies have often found it difficult to secure adequate funds for road construction due to conflicting public opinions and political views. This book addresses the intelligent concepts of the ancient endeavor of road design. An intelligent road design model that can quickly optimize horizontal and vertical alignments will allow quick evaluations of many competing alignment alternatives that should allow quicker political and public approval. For such purposes, this book extensively discusses how a road alignment optimization model can be developed and applied in real case studies. Based on over eight years of research by the authors in intelligent road design and alignment optimization, this advanced text book will be appropriate for road planners, designers, senior undergraduate students and graduate students.