As presently understood, the herpetofauna of El Salvador consists of 130 species representing 88 genera and 30 families. For each of these species the following information is provided: a partial synonymy, including reference, the current name, and references to the species in El Salvador; the total geographic distribution; ecological distribution in El Salvador; a short description of the morphology; natural history and taxonomic comments; conservation status of evaluated species; and a list of Salvadoran specimens are examined and their locality data. Distribution maps and color photographs are provided for each species. Dichotomous keys for the identification of the orders, genera, and species of Salvadoran amphibians (including tadpoles) and reptiles are provided in English and Spanish.