Due to global anthropogenic pollution of the environment, the body is exposed to many adverse factors. Among them, one of the most dangerous factors is ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Thus, in a number of regions of the Republic of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident the radio-ecological situation remains difficult. Mainly it is manifested in the increased level of disability among the liquidators and in the increased risk of endocrine gland cancer pathologies among the exposed citizens and their children. Studies indicate the possibility of development of disorders in reproductive, endocrine, immune, and other systems of the body, under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation with a power exceeding the natural one.