The socioeconomic status of individual and health, including oral health, are correlated and this documentation is well established in the literature over the years. The conventional measures of socioeconomic status such as social class and household income have a number of weaknesses so that alternatives, in the form of area-based measures of deprivation, are increasingly being used. This book explains the various socioeconomic scales and aim to review, appraise evidence from scientific studies in order to provide informative empirical answers regarding association of socioeconomic status and oral health.