From 2013 to 2016, the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon excavated an Iron Age cemetery located immediately outside the rampart of the ancient city. This cemetery dates from the period when Ashkelon was a Philistine city, and it is the first one excavated at any of the core Philistines cities. The Philistines are known today mainly as they are portrayed in sources written by others, such as the Hebrew Bible, in stories told by their enemies. In Ashkelon 10, the Philistine story is retold using archaeological evidence. As such, the Philistine cemetery is not only an important reference for the history of the Philistines but a critical piece for understanding the broader puzzle of death and burial in the southern Levant in the first millennium b.c.