The Book of Numbers has increasingly moved from the margins to the center of Pentateuchal studies over the past two decades, as it has become clear that it is a litmus test for many theories of Pentateuchal studies. It describes Israel in the fictional setting of the formative desert period between Sinai and the country's border. In doing so, it addresses and reflects theologically on themes central to post-exilic Israel, including election, leadership, social organization, and land. This volume brings together 42 essays by renowned experts in their field, providing both an overview and new insights into the current state of research on the Book of Numbers. The essays cover a wide range of topics, from textual tradition and transmission, structure, narrative and literary history, topics, contexts, and reception.