Fungal pathogens and mycotoxins pose significant challenges in agriculture, food storage, and processing, impacting both food security and public health. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of post-harvest fungal pathogens and mycotoxins, covering their biosynthesis, epidemiology, and factors influencing their production. This book is divided into four sections and first introduces the significance of fungal pathogens and mycotoxins in agriculture. It then delves into advanced detection and diagnostic techniques, including molecular methods, biosensors, imaging, and artificial intelligence applications. The third section focuses on management strategies, highlighting biological control, agronanotechnology, organic farming approaches, and best agricultural practices. The final section examines the global economic impact and regulatory frameworks governing fungal pathogen and mycotoxin control. With contributions from leading experts, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, food safety professionals, and policymakers working to mitigate the risks associated with fungal contamination in food systems.