This volume presents novel research perspectives on the Swedish textile industry’s history, with a particular focus on its international connections. One of the book’s purposes is to cast new light on the transnational connectivity of the Swedish textile industry, particularly cotton textiles. Both cotton and textiles in general have played a key part in Swedish industrialisation according to both academic and popular historical narratives, yet the subject has been treated in national isolation despite the many ways the textile industry has been shaped by processes and circumstances that are international in scope. In this book, we try to look beyond the national borders and get some glimpses of how the Swedish textile industry is interwoven with international networks for dissemination of technology, know-how, consumer products and raw material – especially for the cotton textile production. Textile is a commodity which has been traded over long distances for centuries. However, the emergence of the industrial production of cotton represents something totally new. The global proliferation of affordable cotton was facilitated by an intricate network of international relations woven by the British Empire, which linked Swedish spinners and weavers, mill owners and consumers to an international system of chattel slavery and colonialism. In other words, the cotton textile industry linked Sweden to the world in brand-new ways.